It's important to note that the challenges faced by superpowers vary greatly depending on their specific socio-cultural, economic, and political contexts. Here are brief overviews of the major issues associated with some of the current global superpowers:

1. United States:

   • Political Polarization: Increasing ideological divergence between the Democrats and the Republicans has led to policy stagnation and social conflicts.
   • Economic Inequality: Wealth distribution in the U.S. remains highly uneven, with significant gaps between the richest and poorest citizens.
   • Racial Tensions: Racial disparities, especially concerning law enforcement and socioeconomic opportunities, remain deeply entrenched.
   • Healthcare: The U.S. has some of the highest healthcare costs in the world and parts of the population lack comprehensive healthcare coverage.

2. China:

   • Economic Slowdown: While China remains a fast-growing economy, rates of growth are slowing and debt is high.
   • Human Rights: International watchdogs often criticize China's track record on human rights, including freedom of speech, assembly, and movement.
   • Environmental Pollution: Rapid industrialization has come at a cost, resulting in significant air, water, and soil pollution.
   • Demographics: An aging population and low birth rate create long-term challenges for social security and healthcare.

3. Russia:

   • Economy: Russia's economy is heavily dependent on oil and gas exports, making it vulnerable to international market fluctuations.
   • Political Freedom and Corruption: Critics cite issues like high levels of corruption, restriction of political freedoms, and suppression of the press.
   • Military Intervention: Russia's international standing has been impacted by its military invasions in places like Ukraine and Crimea.
   • Demographics: Like China, Russia faces issues with an aging population.

4. European Union (as a collective power):

   • Sovereignty and Unity: Brexit and autonomy-inspired movements in different member countries challenge integration.
   • Economy: The Eurozone still faces economic challenges with high degrees of uneven economic performance among member countries.
   • Migration: Handling challenges of incoming refugees and migrants has implications for EU unity as countries differ on how to best manage the situation.
   • Environmental Policies: The EU faces challenges in balancing economic development with ambitious environmental and sustainability targets.

These are broad areas of concern and they interact in complex ways. And remember, this is a simplified snapshot of a much more complex reality.