Not exactly, it does a lot of extra stuff in between; it stores your entire molecular structure in the buffer (basically downloads you into RAM), filters out foreign pathogens like viruses (except when it doesn't), apparently keeps your molecular structure log after each transport (which is somehow different from being kept in buffer), sometimes accidentally merges you with another species if you happen to have a certain flower with you, etc.

The transporter tech is the exact same as the replicators they produce food with, but can work at a distance (although they don't acknowledge this?). So yeah they can do whatever.

Except it has been shown to be able to selectively remove things like weapons. So the question is if it can be expanded to apply to things inside the body.