TL;DW: Adam isn't worried because there will be opportunities to engage politically at the local level regardless of the presidential race results, and local engagement has given him confidence that positive change is not only possible but achievable.
Don't know about the first, but it could mean just a couple of "G's".
The latter is the signature for the key of C-Major, but more likely it refers to that key's relative minor, A-Minor, which is notated the same way.
…and it will happen.
Android Studio is a fork of IntelliJ IDEA, which is open sourced and free software (under Apache 2.0), with additions from Google (proprietary and closed source, as far as I can tell), so it has components that are both. This is compatible with the Apache license, which doesn't require that derivative works be distributed under the same license.
So, ultimately, Android Studio has some components that are open source and some that aren't.
He doesn't address this question IIRC. His focus is squarely on overcoming feelings of helplessness with direct action (meaning peaceful activism, that is). I think he obliquely mentioned big changes potentially happening but always returned to what one can accomplish in addition to voting.