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Automation based on brightness
(discuss.tchncs.de)
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There is a US gov weather API that I believe tells the time for sunrise and sunset, so conceivably it could be done based on time that is adjusted based on the API call. Could also take into account weather conditions. I think a light sensor would help the best although I think two sensors would be ideal (one inside) because perceived brightness can be different even when illuminance is the same outside vs inside, but maybe not enough to matter in this case.