Don't worry, we were all noobs at some point. And factorio has a pretty noob friendly community.

But yes, that's how it works. Your personal bots and the base bots don't share the same logistics inventory.

Sticking build items that aren't available to your base bots into storage or provider chests is basically the hot fix for when you want your base bots to build something. Otherwise you're gonna have to run down there so your pocket bots can do it instead.

Tips:

• Personal roboports stack. The more you have, the more pockets bots can work at the same time, and the longer reach they will have. (I usually use three roboports if my armor allows it)
• Everything your base builds should have a small portion go into passive provider chests for robots to use.
• In line with the tip above, automate everything, even chemical plants. Your bots will thank you for it. This is extra important if you're playing with the Space Age DLC as you might find yourself on a distant planet in need of supplies.
• You might want to build a requester chest for every produced item that has priority feeding into the production line BEFORE the provider chest. Otherwise you run the risk of "leftover" items filling up your storage, such as yellow belts after upgrading to red, buildings that your bots have deconstructed, etc. You need logistics bots to ferry these items around, though.
• Bots are slooooow at first. But once you put some research in speed and carrying capacity you'll notice a huge improvement.