This article is full of errors!

At its core, an LLM is a big (“large”) list of phrases and sentences

Definitely not! An LLM is the combination of an architecture and its model parameters. It's just a bunch of numbers, no list of sentences, no database. (Seems like the author confused the word "LLM" with the dataset of the LLM???)

an LLM is a storage space (“database”) containing as many sample documents as possible

Nope. This applies to the dataset, not the model. I guess you can argue that memorization happens sometimes, so it might have some features of a database. But it isn't one.

Additional data (like the topic, mood, tone, source, or any number of other ways to categorize the documents) can be provided

LLMs are trained in an unsupervised fashion. Just sequences of tokens, no labels.

Typically, an LLM will cover a single context, e.g. only social media

I'm not aware of any LLM that does this. What's the "context" of GPT-4?

software developers have gone to great lengths to collect an unfathomable number of sample texts and meticulously categorize those samples in as many ways as possible

The closest real thing is the RLHF process that is used to fine tune an existing LLM for a specific application (like ChatGPT). The dataset for the LLM is not annotated or categorized in any way.

a GPT uses the words and proximity data stored in LLMs

This is confusing. "GPT" is the architecture of the LLM.

it is impossible for it to create something never seen before

This isn't accurate, depending on the temperature setting, an LLM can output literally any word at any time with a non-zero probability. It can absolutely produce things it hasn't seen.

Also I think it's too simple to just assert that LLMs are not intelligent. It mostly depends on your definition of intelligence and there are lots of philosophical discussions to be had (see also the AI effect).