DISCLAIMER: this is not medical advice, I can only speak from similarity to personal experiences.

Is there something I can do?

Try going into a quiet place of your choice... but generally avoid self-medicating.

Is there a name for this?

Being royally fed up.

Is it appropriate to warn people about this?

Neurotypicals without any understanding? No.

Medical personnel or trained professionals? Maybe. Depends on how close to "exploding" you feel yourself, and whether you do find a way to get calmer over time on your own.

If you feel like it's growing out of your control, don't be afraid to seek help. I'd suggest making a list right now of several ways in which you can do that, and keep it at hand.

I am really irritable, is it healthy for me to be masking this as hard as I am and just screaming about it later when I can?

No, neither is healthy. Try to reduce both the overstimulation, and the screaming afterwards (it can feel cathartic, but over time it becomes addictive, and just primes you for more overstimulation).