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Signal under fire for storing encryption keys in plaintext
(stackdiary.com)
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No, why would a backup contain non-exportable information? One of the reasons to use TPM to begin with is that sensitive information can't leave it.
How do you restore a backup on another phone without the keys?
Anti Commercial-AI license
You would probably use a recovery key that exists exclusively elsewhere like on paper in a vault. Like bitlocker.
I have no idea if signal uses TPM or not but generally keys in TPM are non-exportable which is a very good thing and IMO the primary reason to use TPM at all.