After the Nakba they definitely were under Israel Martial Law and Defence (Emergency) Regulations, which we're then practiced in the occupied territories instead after 1967. Even then, Arab Israelis continued to be second class citizens for many reasons including Education (2001 report)

Here is an archived version of the article of this post

Since Hamas’s October 7, 2023 attack, Israeli authorities have clamped down hard on Palestinian-Israeli expressions of dissent over the war in Gaza, while Benjamin Netanyahu’s government — widely regarded as the most rightwing in the country’s history — has advanced a raft of legislation that human rights groups say is discriminatory and infringes on Palestinians’ rights.

They argue it entrenches a system that has long treated them as second-class citizens and as suspects.

The article goes into a few more examples of how they are second class citizens, especially when it comes to censorship and a lack of civil rights