I was gonna call antialiasing and smoothing settings, but
With the same font smoothing/anti-aliasing settings
Where did you set those? Do other fonts like Noto / Liberation also look different on Gnome? Is it a difference between GTK vs Qt rather than which DE it runs on?
I don't have Gnome so I can't compare directly, but on KDE fonts look identical between GTK and Qt applications, and the compositor isn't involved with font rendering. Which leads me to, some settings have to be different on Gnome vs KDE.