I certainly don’t have an answer for you. Sorry 🙂
I’m super curious about your motives and goals though. Why do you want to do this??
Why? I got a new job and, for a lot of reasons, it's the first time I'm really motivated by my coworkers. I want to understand this small but relatively complex codebase, and the bookmarks/breakpoints system is not good when you need to discover a lot of topics in a short amount of time (a few months usually when you get a new job).
I'm currently fixing bugs, and while it's going great so far, some bugs are more complex and may require me to understand the whole "flow" of the architecture, but it's different for each bug. I work in the medical field and I have to juggle with a few bugs at the same time before anything is validated, that's why I wanted to take notes of what I deemed interesting while debugging.
Also I often switch branches which explains why breakpoints have to be changed all the time. Breakpoints and Doxygen don't show in a simple way how the code can go from step 1 to step 2 to step 3.
I could see walking through a debug session document with a junior dev to guide them on how to debug classes of issues better. Or if they're running into a bug and ask for your help, you could write out the first few debugging steps and let them take it from there. That might be easier to understand than "I'd check service X and see if it's processing Y like it should or just passing it on to Z". Having a defined way to explain how to debug an issue could be useful
not OP but I'd love something like this for a few reasons.
Sometimes I'm debugging really complicated things and it gets hard to keep track of the info I've captured and what I've learned, and sometimes you want to recheck some earlier assumption or you learn something new and want to look through older data captured to see if it aligns with newer understandings
Or it's a long standing thing and need to step away and come back and refresh your memory of the current understanding. And especially when others might also be working on the same problem and you want to collaborate better.
Though I am SRE and thinking of debugging issues in overall systems spanning multiple codebases, hosts, and networks. not just specific bugs in a single codebase like I think OP is doing. So I'm also curious if any tool would actually fit both use cases or if being perfect for one would make it not useful for the other.
For debugging across disparate app, hosts, etc.,x I think the best current option is spans and traces. If you aren’t already familiar, look into general observability, logs/metrics/traces, and definitely opentelemetry!
I write my notes in org-mode. It's supported in many editors in a basic form, letting you add code snippets etc in an unobtrusive way. Using a well thought out format helps you in the long run.
I use this in Emacs, through which it lets me refer to emails, execute code snippets, attach related files, fetch content on/from remote servers, send off the debug session as an html email, ... Support will depend on your editor but even as raw text it works.
I don't use something specific to make non-code repeatable as you suggest here, but you could embed a test language in an org code block.
The syntax is straight-forward and exports to multiple external formats exist (eg: html).
I am a fan of structurizer and the C4 model in general.
I would use a single .dsl file and add the relationships and entities as you discover them. You can apply tags , and then write filtered views to only show specific tags for sub systems or workflows that a user will follow.
you can pair this with markdown/text notes that reference the png files of the views that structurizer will output.
Asciidoctor?
May not exactly what you're looking for, but jupyter is excellent for documenting a session and you can make it works with C++:
https://blog.jupyter.org/interactive-workflows-for-c-with-jupyter-fe9b54227d92
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