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It's Fascism. Everything else is just fluff.
I can't read most of the small text in the 'early warning signs', but I think it mentions the Nazis, Mussolini, Spain, and Portugal and the rest is too blurry to make out. I'm guessing whoever made this 'early warning signs' was looking for similarities across all those regimes and lumping them all under the term 'Fascism'? Which...feels weird to me, Mussolini was the only one to actually call themselves Fascist. The others had differing ideologies or were just straight up dictatorships (assuming the small text says Salazar and Franco, but I'm not 100% on that).
And the Keene definition you linked to mentions 'White replacement theory' for some reason? Does that mean only white people can be fascist? Maybe they were just using it as an example of a fascist idea?
I appreciate the reply, but I'm not sure either definition helps clear up how the term is used in modernity.
If you want to know what Gentile was talking about when he was promoting Fascism, there's a decent translation over here (not a quick read) - https://ia601807.us.archive.org/26/items/giovanni-gentile-english-translation/Origins%20And%20Doctrine%20Of%20Fascism%20-%20Giovanni%20Gentile.pdf
That list was created by Umberto Eco in 1995. If you're having trouble reading that list you may need to figure out how to zoom on an image or just get glasses.
I did zoom! Everything got blurry. You might be right about the glasses though, my eyes are garbage.
Thanks for the definition of Ur-Fascism from Mr. Eco. I was not familiar with it. Super interesting. He's on point touching on 'action' and 'eternal struggle', pulling directly from Marx. Rejection of 'the age of reason', pulling from Hagel and/or Marx (depending on who you talk to). The Nazis also borrowed those concepts heavily. Some of this is slightly different from what Gentile wrote about, but it does adhere much closer to it. Creating the national narrative, appeals to emotion, celebrating machismo, nationalism, being one with the state, social darwinism/eugenics, etc etc etc. Very neat.
One glaring difference is the racism part. Gentile made racism impossible within his Fascist ideology, so long as you adhered to the 'proper thought' you were in the club. For the Nazis, the racism/ethno-supremacy part was obviously at the core the beliefs they promoted.
I just stumbled on a quote from historian Ian Kershaw that is very relevant, "trying to define 'fascism' is like trying to nail jelly to the wall" 😆
Any who, I appreciate your reply and introducing me to Mr. Eco. I'm adding him to my ever growing list of authors to read more of.