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this post was submitted on 02 Oct 2023
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While the format is proprietary, the actual decoding and encoding processes can be open source. Like how a box can be locked, but everyone has the keys to open it and see what's inside.
What's proprietary about a format older than 25 years, meaning all possible patents have elapsed?
Proprietary is independent of patents. Different systems. There already exists open licensed, but patent encumbered formats or their inverse. WAV is proprietary, but again, is fully documented and there exists open licensed encoders and decoders.
I have no idea why it still remains proprietary, but its an old format, and IBM/MS probably just don't really care about it since it's last update was over a decade ago.
What makes it proprietary if it is documented and free to use?
The licensing of the format/it's original implementation. Like how an emulator can be open source and FOSS licensed and be able to run proprietary games.
The WAV format never had a licence. It was a trade secret (a rather half-assed one, but whatever).
To be a "proprietary", a file format needs to either be secret (in part or in whole) or require a licence. WAV satisfies neither of those criteria. It is not proprietary.
It would be fair to say that it was proprietary up until it was reverse engineered, but that doesn't apply today. Every part of it is completely specified, openly and without any licensing or legal restrictions. It's an open format.
By default that means that, depending on your jurisdiction, it is very likely proprietary. No license mean it does not impart any rights to you. Some places do have a "by default this is owned by the public domain", but I don't think that's a standard.
The WAV format itself is owned and was developed by IBM/MS. I don't know where you live, but that is wildly incorrect on how copyright law works in most places. By default, the creator owns the product and all rights to its use. Then they may choose to allow others to use it within a license or other agreement. In this case, IBM/MS allows anyone to use the file format, but it is within their rights to also disallow this at any time. Here you can see for yourself, it is a proprietary format. Something not being proprietary is an exception, you have to explicitly make something that way. For example Ogg Vorbis is open source, open licensed and patent free.
Being reverse engineered absolutely does not invalidate the proprietary ownership of a product. Compare this to the Ocarina of Time decompilation project; just because the game has been fully reverse engineered, does that mean that Nintendo does not still own the game and all rights to it?
WAV is also braindead simple, effectively just a stream of raw PCM data. It would be really hard to hide any sort of payload in it.