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Does Nix's break from FHS cause problems?
(lemy.lol)
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this post was submitted on 25 Jan 2024
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You may be interested in reading this post about the process of packaging Steam.
tl;dr: It's mostly an annoyance reserved for packagers to deal with. Dynamically linked executables can be patched in a fairly universal fashion to work without FHS, so that's the go-to approach. If the executable is statically linked, the package may have to ship a source patch instead. If the executable is statically linked & close-source, the packagers are forced to resort to simulating an FHS environment via chroot.
So that means packaging software for nix is a pain, compared to, say, gentoo or arch's AUR, but only for a small subset of packages.
I'll keep this in mind as I'm exploring if I should switch from Gentoo.
I would say it’s actually easier in many cases. Nix has really fantastic packaging tooling. You do have to learn a bit of the nix language, however (not become an expert).
The issue comes when trying to build from source. In most other distros, ou just follow the readme. In nix, you have to package it.
If I am packaging software for gentoo, all I have to do is translate the build instructions from the project's documentation to gentoo's package recipe. In nix, it seems that it is not that simple and you'll have to do some exploration. Am I wrong?
It's just that most (if not all) build system in the source code package would assume some level of FHS compliance.
For example, they would install:
These build systems would include options to change these, but you'd then have to change all these values to adapt to nix structure. While it's all been done by the nix package maintainers, you'd have to do all that if you're to come up with a new package.
In the FHS compliant distros, the maintainers wouldn't need to change anything since these values are already set to the values they want (there are actually minor details they'd change, but that's another topic).
It's the same for Nixpkgs.
In well behaved build systems, it's likely easier to package than most other distros. If it's not as well behaved you will have to do some "exploration" and the complexity can get quite out of control if the build system is exceptionally terrible.
Here is the package for the GNU
helloprogram which uses a well-behaved build system:https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/94b11073db6a7ca5733bc2d45378d800d9542975/pkgs/by-name/he/hello/package.nix
If you ignore the optional
passthru.tests, this is very simple. You provide metadata, sources etc. to the genericmkDerivationfunction and that's it. The most complex non-standard thing this derivation does is enable the build system's tests.You don't even need to run the provided build instructions because Nixpkgs' stdenv abstracts those away. If it finds a makefile, it'll automatically run
makeandmake installwith the correct flags for instance. Same for other standard build systems; if you passcmakeintonativeBuildInputs, it'll attempt to build, install, check etc. usingcmake's standardised interfaces.If the build system is poorly behaved however (like for instance Anki's), you will have to get into the weeds and do some rather advanced things:
https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/94b11073db6a7ca5733bc2d45378d800d9542975/pkgs/games/anki/default.nix
Luckily though, most packages aren't like this.
Thank you for the thorough comment!