Getting parts is basically a new option for ship scrapping. It can be done only for fighters, haulers and explorers. You just need to own a ship to scrap it. So you could buy a ship for the purposes of scrapping.

Buy ships that have cool parts that you like. Bear in mind you can only keep one part that you like per ship, not multiple. Next, you bring them to the space station and when you scrap ask for the part instead of cash.

Simply buy and scrap ships that you think look cool keeping in mind you can only get one part from a ship at a time.