sorry I don't have any real documentation but I have a snippet of powershell that explains it pretty well here this comes from a user creation script I wrote back when they removed the unix UI.

I was using Get-AdUser and discovered that the properties still existed but you have to manually shove those in, when an sssd "domain bound" linux machine has a user with these props login, they get the defined UID and GID and homefolder etc.

$otherAttributes = @{}
Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow "Adding Linux Attributes"

# get the next numeric uid number from AD
$uidNumber=((get-aduser -Filter * -Properties * | where-object {$_.uidNumber} | select uidNumber | sort uidNumber | select -Last 1).uidNumber)+1

$otherAttributes.Add("unixHomeDirectory","/homefolder/path/$($samAccountName)")
$otherAttributes.Add("uid","$($samAccountName)")
$otherAttributes.Add("gidNumber","$($gidNumber)")
$otherAttributes.Add("uidNumber","$($uidNumber)")
$otherAttributes.Add("loginShell","$($loginShell)")

$UserArgs = @{
    Credential = $creds
    Enabled = $true
    ChangePasswordAtLogon = $true
    Path = $usersOU
    HomeDirectory = "$homeDirPath\$samAccountName"
    HomeDrive = $homeDriveLetter
    GivenName = $firstName
    Surname = $lastName
    DisplayName = $displayName
    SamAccountName = $samAccountName
    Name = $displayName
    AccountPassword = $securePW
    UserPrincipalName = "$($aliasName)@DOMAIN.COM"
    OtherAttributes = $otherAttributes
}

$newUser = New-ADUser @UserArgs

basically the "OtherAttributes" on the ADUser object is a hashtable that holds all the special additional LDAP attributes, so in this example we use $otherAttributes to add all the fields we need, you can do the same with "Set-Aduser" if you just wanna edit an existing user and add these props

the @thing on New-ADuser is called a splat, very useful if you're not familiar, it turns a hashtable into arguments

lemme know if you have any questions