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Which OS/Distro?
(lemmy.world)
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You should look into QubesOS if you are concerned about your security.
From your selection, I'd recommend Debian Stable.
As others have pointed out, Kali or the likes are the least secure operating systems, they are not designed to be secure, they are designed to be booted in a temporary environment and then used for penetration testing purposes.
I've looked at this and would love to but as is my (limited) understanding, Qubes is next to (if not entirely) impossible to implement on Mac M1
Yes, so Debian Stable
I second Debian as an intro. Ubuntu is a little newer and it has a huge userbase, but your customization options are limited by their desktop environment (which is a tweaked version of Gnome, iirc). You'll get more of a typical Linux experience from Debian. Most of the Ubuntu help articles and posts will work for Debian, too.
When you're ready to try something new, explore immutable/atomic distros like Fedora Kinoite, blendOS, and NixOS. Layering and containerization are a different way to secure your system and offer new ways to think about how processes interact with the kernel and OS.
I know you're limited by the UTM right now, but by the time you're ready for that, you may have other ways or hardware to look into it.