Just had this discussion in my annotations post. My take is that it’s a civilian ship, as you suggest. Not necessary a cargo freighter, just not part of the United Earth Fleet.
It could be a US ship. Perhaps the civilian ships retain their national status and only the military is unified under the United Earth Fleet.
Does it make sense to have ships from a specific country when earth IS, according to Kirk, a complete wasteland?
Maybe their space fleets are all that is left of those specific countries? Maybe they were maintained in service with the vague idea of being a "government in exile" (or "society in exile") before eventually uniting as "United Earth", but purely in space.
There are a bunch of ship prefixes in Star Trek for ship..."We" just mostly see Starfleet Ships. In the OS the first season had a bunch
I'd guess the United Space Ship Iowa was a "Residential ship": A ship for families to live on. Though it could also be a cargo ship, like the ones seen in ENT.
We do not know when the UEF was formed. It could be a relatively new initiative having taken longer to get started without the help of the Vulcans. The USS Iowa is a United States Starship whereas the UEF Enterprise is the United Earth Fleet ship. Sometime between Kirk's birth and the 'present' Earth was finally able to form a central government (or at least a centrally organized spacefleet) under one banner.
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