Communism101

Jews have been the most consistent target of scapegoating in Europe due to their strange (relatively speaking) languages, customs, faiths, values, and cultures when compared to those of their host countries.

The poor Jews were criminals & freeloaders while the rich Jews were conspirators & manipulators.

The only people you could trust were your own nation; especially if they were Christian and doubly so if they were aristocrats, bougies, or clergy who were the only ones keeping the Jews in check and stopping them from taking over.

This was an almost entirely European phenomenon that was later imported to the Islamic world; particularly in areas that had been colonized.

In short: xenophobia used to dismiss the need for reform & distracting from real issues by uniting the common people against a manufactured foe. This tactic would be adopted by fascists later on.

Anti-multiculturalism.

Its not really that complex. The ruling class have always used Jewish communities as a scapegoat. Every pogrom that happened in europe up to and including the holocaust was preceded by crisis caused by the greed and/or ineptitude of the ruling class. The churches in conjunction with the monarchs kept the hate simmering so it could be deployed at a moment's notice.

Anti‐Semitism comes no more from a “Machiavellian plan” that it does from “wicked ideas.” It directly results from economic constraints. The hatred of the Jews, far from being the a priori reason for their destruction was only the expression of this desire to limit and concentrate destruction on them.

I think it's gotta do with the renaissance in Jewish social mobility and acceptance into secular society in 19th century western capitalist society

To summarize, the framework of antisemitism is essentially based around the reactionary preconception that their social mobility would lead to the 'subversion' of the imperialist and capitalist West, by these historically disenfranchised peoples, with not only their newfound 'surreptitiously acquired power' but its foreign values that justify it.

Consequently, this preconception acts as not just a justification of discrimination, but a violent movement against them. And this logic is then extrapolated to other peoples of the world, especially and purposefully revolutionaries, who were challenging those same ruling classes.

The logic of antisemitism, far from being banished with the Nazis, became completely naturalized in the West. From Lord of the Rings to The Dark Knight Rises we hear the same story again and again and again: {according to the ruling classes,} swarthy hordes are surreptitiously manipulated behind-the-scenes by crooked wizards and deceptive illusionists — often hiding in plain sight, in our midst! — and lay siege to everything that is balanced and well-rounded and pure and good and holy and white and which by rights should be eternal. The manipulators do so for no discernible reason other than greed and ressentiment.

The tragic cycle begins to appear eternal: innocent, well-meaning, hard-working folks are, time and again, viciously tricked by the scapegoating of a new rogue in the gallery — Indigenous, Black, Spanish, Jewish, Soviet, Vietnamese, Cuban, Serbian, Muslim, Libyan, Syrian, Korean, Venezuelan, Russian, Chinese.

Sourced from:

https://redsails.org/masses-elites-and-rebels/#george-orwells-very-british-antisemitism

(Edit: I prolly didn't summarize and write this, as succinctly as I could, maybe later I will)

Historically, the vast majority of people were de facto small landholder subsistence farmers. It is not unusual for people with a "foreign" culture to be dispossessed of their land, and such people either move to the cities (where you don't need to own land to support yourself) or leave for a "home country". Or in the case of the Roma, adopt a nomadic lifestyle, but that's beyond the scope of your question.

Under the Medievalist mode of production (which existed in some form until the early 1900s in much of Europe), consolation and profit-seeking are not present the way they are under Capitalism. Peasants farm enough that they can feed their families, pay their taxes, and sell a little bit on the market to buy what manufactured goods they desire that they cannot make at home; despite owning land (sometimes quite a bit of it!), they tend to remain relatively poor.

However, in cities, there was more potential for a common person to consolidate wealth and power through trade, banking, and professional jobs (lawyering, doctoring, etc.), as well as primitive ownership of the means of production (in this time period, often Mines and urban real estate, since agricultural land was still the purview of nobles and peasants). Especially if those common people were part of a relatively insular community within the city that fostered a culture of brotherhood and helping each other, as well as a culture of excelling in these urban positions since they were fully dissociated from agricultural production because of their race. Especially before the Reformation, Jewish people also excelled at these roles because of Catholic prohibitions against usury and a general disdain for the private accumulation of wealth.

Antisemitism stems from a broader trend in the time of disdain towards city folk - as opposed to peasants who were morally upright, content, and loyal to the crown, city folk were seen as morally loose, greedy, and harboring radical ideas. The Jews receive a special element of hatred for being "different" in a distinctive way, and when they achieve high positions in professional and bourgeois circles, gentiles see this as a threat - upstarts taking what is rightfully theirs.