There are simple testers like this. It's rather overpriced for what it is, but it would be trivial to make one yourself. That will only do a continuity check though. If you want to know what the current or speed ratings are, you will need to read the chip in the cable.

This one should have you covered. They're quite nifty. Can do a lot more than what you ask.

USB C Tester,KJ-KayJI 2 in 1 Tester Color Screen IPS Digital Multimeter(2022),Voltage,Cur,Pwr,Resistance,Elec,Temp,Capacity,Tme,Fast Charging,with USB Clip Cable Support PD2.0/PD3.0,QC2.0/QC3.0,BC1.2 https://a.co/d/6RlmtOo