librewolf, among others (keepass, luks/cryptsetup, ...)

depends on what you are looking for. grml and kali are linux distros that focus on diagnosing.

remember that it can get messed up when you copy a partition in use. you should use a live system (boot from usb or cdrom) to do the copying.

just use dd with option conv=fsync and a reasonable blocksize like bs=1M. make sure you know which ssd is the one you read from and which you write to. command lsblk might be helpful here.

I dont know about kanban but the other stuff can be achieved via webdav. All major webservers can do that or you just use filebrowser.org (a selfhosted webdav server with built-in user management).