sga

(Cross posting from !stupid_questions@lemmings.world https://lemmings.world/post/25535229)

A brand new sentence is a sentence which we consider to have never been spoken or written, or thought of (at least the ones which are not recorded). And just swapping a noun with another noun (for example a name of a place or person) while may techinically be considered new sentence, it is not really matching the spirit of brand new sentence.

for the linguists, can you try to come up with a better estimate (better than just coming up (all the words)^(to the power average sentence length)). Maybe by using the description of using different forms of verbs (like we consider in NLP) (verbs which take DP, CP), then adding standard adjectives and finish with remaining grammar (sorry if I am getting it all wrong, it has been a while since I took my intro to linguistics class). Also, consider a morpheme less form. This exercise is for a more realistic guess.

A brand new sentence is a sentence which we consider to have never been spoken or written, or thought of (at least the ones which are not recorded). And just swapping a noun with another noun (for example a name of a place or person) while may techinically be considered new sentence, it is not really matching the spirit of brand new sentence.

for the linguists, can you try to come up with a better estimate (better than just coming up (all the words)^(to the power average sentence length)). Maybe by using the description of using different forms of verbs (like we consider in NLP) (verbs which take DP, CP), then adding standard adjectives and finish with remaining grammar (sorry if I am getting it all wrong, it has been a while since I took my intro to linguistics class). Also, consider a morpheme less form. This exercise is for a more realistic guess.

Ask anything you would consider too vague or too stupid. It is not supposed to be very refined or thought through, it can as well be a string of random symbols, just tell us how to read them. Consider it a very serious questions community, where questions most definitely are not serious, or the other way round. WE APPRECIATE ABSURDISM. WE APPRECIATE CREATIVITY. WE THRIVE ON ANSWERING GENUINE CURIOSITY!

These could be questions which you think a 5 year or 10 year old would ask, but you are not 5/10 year old and you don't have anybody to ask.

Rules:

• Standard Netiquette reference - TL;DR - just be civil

• Lemmy Instance Guidelines - TL;DR - just be civil

• Post format is simple - it should be a question. You can add additional context to your delight, for example, what do you expect the answer to be, or how do you think one should try to answer it. Questions can be any any language (preferably english) but do what you like, just tag the post appropriately (you can select language while creating post). NSFW is fine as well, but please tag appropriately.

• Stupid in a general sense - Ideally questions should not be stupid because they use fancy words. For example, if someone asks - why do we not use ferritic steels in cold temperatures? This question is stupid to all metaallurgy people because almost all of them know of ductile to brittle transition. But how many of us are metallurgists? (or have taken some crystal structure courses). They can be niche, we are not against questions that only some of us understand, but if you think the questions are too specific, give us additional context. WE ARE WELL SERVING SERVERS!

• Academic Integrity - try to answer questions just the best way you can. if you think a alphabet is good, just do it, if you think.

• New Rules maybe added in future - to which all of you also agree to while creating any post. YOU MUST OBEY A CONTRACT INDEFINITELY. BY POSTING/COMMENTING, YOU ARE CONSIDERED TO BE AGREEING THIS CONTRACT. IF YOU FAIL TO UPHOLD TO THE CONTRACT, YOU SHALL SACRIFICE YOUR FIRST BORN CHILD OR BEAR THE CONSEQUENCES OF ENRAGING THE GODS WHO SHALL PUT A CURSE OPEN THOU (or the subsequent ones in case you already sacrificed one, we are accepting in that sense, we would not be cursing your lineage/subsequent lives and stuff. If you do not have kids, then have them. The kid should be born or Feb 29 of any year, and must be 32 years and 42 days old at the time of sacrifice. Please do remember to contact us for the birthday parties, we can bring the best food and entertainment (rated the 17th best party organiser, by my friends list of - best birthday organisers who were born on 29th feb). Also, most of the blessed servants of god (read moderators) are very kind, and can "pardon" your crimes, for appropriate gifts).

Answer Questions never been answered before (probably because they have never been asked)

Before beginning, I know this is not apprpriate question, and there may be better places to ask these questions. I also know that I as a mod am kinda abusing my powers 9not pinning the post, but still breaking the 1 important rule - to post a uplifting news, and this post is neither upliftiing nor a news. I also do not know how it is decided in other communities, I am a relatively new mod, so I do not know how to act in certain situations. But by the powers that have been vested to me by the gods (previous mods), I want to ask a lot of questions.

Also for the time being, lets say the world has 2 major groups, martians, and venusians, there are other minority groups too, but if funded govts can not bother to listen to them, how can i, a under paid corrupt mod do that. (/s just in case people do not get it).

What I am basically asking is, is please help me make a 'constitution' (for the galactic rulings, obviously) on how should I (or maybe others if they choose to accept it) moderate, certain galaxy.

More seriously, please help discuss democratically, what should be the rules. To you questions may seem to have obvious answers, they did to me too, but what was not obvious, that different people have different obvious things (mind blown /s). And you all will get a chance to be "immortalized" by getting your name in the constitution drafting committee.

• What deserves a deletion of content (a comment or a post)?

-> my current understanding -> anything that breaks obvious rules. Lets say a martian, non sarcastically says - all venusianns are morons, illeterate wild animals who do not deserve to live. I would consider this as hate speech, and delete it. If someone posts something nsfw, but does not mark it appropriately, i should delete it. But what if someone posts something stupid - lets say someone thinks venusians have seven legs, when they actually have 4, and say, i want all 7 legged venusians to die. What should i do - should i upvote it, considering it is a attempt at humor, and support them, or delete it since they are still killing "hypothetical" venusians, or ignore them (that is what i have been doing right now for some reports)

• what deserves a ban?

-> similar to prior, so not explaining any further. Sometime back, i had a discussion with another mod, that we should have a strike system - something like, post hate speech 3 times, or something alike, then we ban, because you were given ample chances to figure out that you are doing something wrong (there comments would still be deleted, they would still get the downvote beating, just not a instant ban)

these questions were general, and not community specific, but following are

there are going to be lots of situations, to which you have to vote yes or no, is it uplifting or not (you are welcome to write 20 para replies too, but atleast 1 letter is required, something like 1 y, 2 n)

1. a female dog gave birth to ten little cubs

2a) cure to cancer has been found, and the researchers have patented it, and selling it for 1 million usd (for each patient) (and i know there is no 1 single cure to cancer, consider a hypothetical situation)

2b) cure to cancer has been found, and they make it free for all

3a) linux market share grows by 5 times, used by 30% of desktop users

3b) microsoft windows is now open source

3c) apple makes all their hardware designs open

Also, for the following part - any resemblence to reality is purely coincedental and unintended, i do not even live in mars or venus to know much about their politics. 4) (this question requires context) - We all know about the martian leader, he is currently leading everyone, some martians love him, others are ok with him, but he absolutely hates all venusians, and does not even acknowledge existence of saturnians, and calls them confused folk (because saturnians wear rings on them). He lies, he robs, he takes away the very last saved bite you keep while eating the food (the best bite™).

4a) the martian leader is defeated in a peaceful manner

4b) the martian leader has been taken down in a millitary coup

4c1) people march to martian leaders door, and he leaves under pressure

4c2) people march to martian leaders door, and he leaves after a bit of riot (a "few" people become "martyrs")

4d) the martian leader today opened amusement park

4e) the martian leader finds cure to cancer, and makes it free

4f1) martian leader is sad because his house has been a lot less "dusty" lately (he loves sand, because it coarse, rough, and gets everywhere)

4f2) martian leader is sad because his house has been a lot more "dusty" lately (he hates sand, because it coarse, rough, and gets everywhere)

4g) he is sad because his dog died

4f) he is sad because his business is making less profits.

I will not reveal my answers here, not to bias you people, but i would leave my general strategy in the spoilers section below

Many people might already be knowing this, for example people who use custom keyboard layouts, or people using different keyboard layouts, other than US, which most manufacturers and operating system and desktop environmnets use as default.

Most of my applications use vi like bindings, so pressing shift + ; to get : was a bit annoying, and so i was trying to find a way to swap them, and while doing so, I added most of greek alphabet, makes my technical writing a bit more easier (instead of doing $alpha$, I can do alt + a to get $α$), If you use TeX, then you can use #XeTeX to enter unicode, I use Typst, so I can directly use them, and they are used appropriately in text and equation mode. This also is helpful if your notes system does not have some math mode rendering (like plain markdown, without any katex).

If you are multilingual, but don't write much in the other language, this approach works well, if you write comparable amount in both languages, then you should consider setting a keyboard shortcut in you DE/WM config to switch the keyboard layouts

The following procedure is linux specific (or maybe other posix systems too, if they use xkb to manage keyboard stuff (this also works on wayland)), but I am sure windows and macos will have something similar (though i have not bothered to check for it, sorry for that). This does not work as a daemon sitting in between, this is using the standard way to modiify keyboard layout.

You can start by making a file like the following, and you can start with /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us (or the base language of your choice, for most european language layouts, base is /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/latin). You have to save it in the /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/ directory (in my case, my original file is in config dir, and I have symlinked it to /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us-custom). For list of valid symbols (most of unicode, the thing we want is the correct names) please refer /usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h. You can choose what modifier you want to use with include "level3(ralt_switch)" - I am using right alt as the third modifier, so to get the third layer, I go alt + <key>, for 4th layer, mod3 + shift + <key>. Then you can set to use this custom symbol map in your DE/WM config, in my case I have added xkb_layout "us-custom" in my sway config (for input keyboard).

// parent system is US, with a lot of greek sybols appended, and some more
// ; -> :, : -> ; - mostly for vim modes (easier to do : now)
default partial alphanumeric_keys modifier_keys
xkb_symbols "basic" {
    name[Group1]= "English US - Custom"; 
    include "level3(ralt_switch)"

    key <TLDE> {[ grave, asciitilde ]};
    key <AE01> {[ 1, exclam, exclamdown ]};
    key <AE02> {[ 2, at ]};
    key <AE03> {[ 3, numbersign, Greek_pi ]};
    key <AE04> {[ 4, dollar, trademark ]};
    key <AE05> {[ 5, percent ]};
    key <AE06> {[ 6, asciicircum ]};
    key <AE07> {[ 7, ampersand ]};
    key <AE08> {[ 8, asterisk, Greek_PI ]};
    key <AE09> {[ 9, parenleft ]};
    key <AE10> {[ 0, parenright, degree, schwa ]};
    key <AE11> {[ minus, underscore ]};
    key <AE12> {[ equal, plus, plusminus ]};

    key <AD01> {[ q, Q ]};
    key <AD02> {[ w, W ]};
    key <AD03> {[ e, E, Greek_epsilon, eacute ]};
    key <AD04> {[ r, R, Greek_rho ]};
    key <AD05> {[ t, T, Greek_theta, Greek_tau ]};
    key <AD06> {[ y, Y ]};
    key <AD07> {[ u, U ]};
    key <AD08> {[ i, I, integral ]};
    key <AD09> {[ o, O, Greek_omega, Greek_OMEGA ]};
    key <AD10> {[ p, P, Greek_phi, Greek_psi ]};
    key <AD11> {[ bracketleft, braceleft ]};
    key <AD12> {[ bracketright, braceright ]};

    key <AC01> {[ a, A, Greek_alpha, ae ]};
    key <AC02> {[ s, S, Greek_sigma, Greek_SIGMA ]};
    key <AC03> {[ d, D, Greek_delta, Greek_DELTA ]};
    key <AC04> {[ f, F ]};
    key <AC05> {[ g, G, Greek_gamma, Greek_GAMMA ]};
    key <AC06> {[ h, H, Greek_eta ]};
    key <AC07> {[ j, J ]};
    key <AC08> {[ k, K, Greek_kappa ]};
    key <AC09> {[ l, L, Greek_lambda, Greek_LAMBDA ]};
    key <AC10> {[ colon, semicolon ]};
    key <AC11> {[ apostrophe, quotedbl ]};
    key <BKSL> {[ backslash, bar ]};

    key <AB01> {[ z, Z, Greek_zeta ]};
    key <AB02> {[ x, X, Greek_xi, Greek_XI ]};
    key <AB03> {[ c, C, Greek_chi ]};
    key <AB04> {[ v, V ]};
    key <AB05> {[ b, B, Greek_beta ]};
    key <AB06> {[ n, N, Greek_nu, ntilde ]};
    key <AB07> {[ m, M, mu ]};
    key <AB08> {[ comma, less ]};
    key <AB09> {[ period, greater ]};
    key <AB10> {[ slash, question, questiondown ]};
};

This may not be a appropriate post for this community, and is not strictly web development. It is browser related, specifically qutebrowser, but i don't think the behaviour is qutebrowser specific, it may be chromium specific though, but i don't know how to test on any other browser because i hardly know js. If this is not valid for this community, please do tell.

I was writing a way to redirect other lemmy instance links to my home instance. I am basically trying to write lemmyverse.link (it's working is explained in the following issue, but essentially we just ask the instance where we want to be redirected, if they have the post, if so, they return json, which will have post_id in that instance, and we can use that.

https://github.com/RikudouSage/lemmyverse.link/issues/14

I think I have implemented that somewhat successfully, and it works for all the instances that i have tried, except lemmy.world (why could it not be some tiny instance which i could ignore). For lemmy.world, browser ui shows as if it is loading. I checked dev tools, and we do get the redirection (see the post_id change below in the attched video, and when i click that, i get redirected to correct page). It shows a red errors, but i can not find how to find errors (none of tabs show any errors).

https://envs.sh/s/NhX_dHEZh52CD1MwcXXLwg/cSI.mkv

(the video show succesful redirection for some instance, and unsucceful redirection for other)

I hope someone who knows how to do this help, I could not find anything wrong, and hence am not able to even search for errors online.

code for anyone wanting to see it

import qutebrowser.api.interceptor
import re
import requests
import sys
def match(patterns, url):
    for pattern in patterns:
        if re.match(pattern, url):
            return True
    return False
with open('/home/sg/data/dev/program-data/lemmings_coookie_jwt', 'r') as f:
    cookie = f.read().strip()
def resolve_lemmings_object(query):
    url = "https://lemmings.world/api/v3/resolve_object"
    params = {"q": query}  # Pass the query as a parameter
    headers = { "Cookie": cookie}
    try:
        response = requests.get(url, params=params, headers=headers)
        response.raise_for_status()  # Raise HTTPError for bad responses (4xx or 5xx)
        return response.json()['post']['post']['id']
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
        print(f"Error: {e}")
        return None

def per_website_rules(request: qutebrowser.api.interceptor.Request):
	lemmy_patterns = [ r"crazypeople\.online", r"discuss\.online", r"discuss\.tchncs\.de", r"feddit\.nl", r"feddit\.org", r"feddit\.uk", r"jlai\.lu", r"lemm\.ee", r"lemmy\.blahaj\.zone", r"lemmy\.ca", r"lemmy\.cafe", r"lemmy\.dbzer0\.com", r"lemmy\.ml", r"lemmy\.one", r"lemmy\.run", r"lemmy\.selfhostcat\.com", r"lemmy\.wtf", r"lemmy\.zip", r"mander\.xyz", r"ponder\.cat", r"programming\.dev", r"sh\.itjust\.works", r"slrpnk\.net", r"sopuli\.xyz", r"toast\.ooo", r"lemmy\.world", r"spaffel\.social" ]
	post_pattern = [ r"^/post/.*$" ]
	if match(lemmy_patterns, request.request_url.host()) and match(post_pattern, request.request_url.path()):
		url = request.request_url.scheme() + "://" + request.request_url.host() + request.request_url.path()
		# post_id_in_my_prefered_instance = os.popen("lemmy-redirect " + url).read()
		post_id_in_my_prefered_instance = resolve_lemmings_object(url)
		request.request_url.setHost('lemmings.world')
		request.request_url.setPath('/post/' + str(post_id_in_my_prefered_instance))
		try:
			request.redirect(request.request_url)
		except:
			pass

I ask this question because of this comment chain (and totally not because I got down voted and my ego is too fragile, it is most definitvely absolutely positevly me asking for the science. I swear)

https://lemmings.world/post/23635250/14708515

If you can go through it, please do, there are some references for some claims, if not you can go through the following ai generated summary (if it helps, it is a local llama)

The original poster (sga) expressed concerns about the practice of trimming cat nails, comparing it to declawing and suggesting that it may cause trauma for the cat. Other users (Bamboodpanda and Chairman Meow) responded that trimming cat nails is a normal and necessary practice, especially for indoor cats, to prevent overgrown nails and damage to furniture. sga argued that cat claws are an essential part of a cat’s predatory nature and that trimming them may impair their ability to hunt and defend themselves. Chairman Meow countered that cat nails are not as robust as sga suggested and that trimming them does not impair their usability. sga provided several sources suggesting that indoor cats often engage in predatory behavior outdoors, despite being fed at home. SupremeDonut responded that the sources sga provided referred to free-range and feral cats, rather than indoor house cats. sga provided additional sources to support the claim that indoor cats also engage in predatory behavior outdoors. sga also mentioned the hypothesis that some amount of injuries or exposure to allergens can be beneficial for children’s immune systems, and provided a source to support this claim.

It is somewhat of xy problem too, so please read the post for more details.

A bit about my background - I am currently doing Bachelours of Technology (last semester) from a somewhat reputed university. (If you belive in those sham rankings - it is in top 200 in world).

I want to do a doctorate (and stay in academia/research, not interested in industry). I am still not fixated on a particular research field (intersted by many things) but I have a strong inclanation towards one, so currently that only.

One option is to do phd in my current uni only, but thing is that my uni is not that great in terms of research (can be generalised to country as well to some extent) - mostly it comes down to lack of funding and lack of students interested in doing research, most people are interested in joing some or other industry.

Other option is to go abroad. Considering the current environment, my current preference would be "Europe only".

From what I know, doing a doctorate in most european schools requires masters.

Also before anybody says this - I know for doctorate, the school matters less, and a good supervisor matters more. I understand this, but I can not really find any way to find a good supervisor. Maybe it is my ignorance, but I have never really paid attention to any names, and If I staart looking up names, there are tons. Also, I don't really know how to rate people. One thing would be to find someone with my interests, and ask them, but I do not know anyone. One is to rank them by their publications, but that definitely does not feel right to me. Some people just have a easier chance to get in bigger journals. I know at the end of the day, citations do not depend much on journal, but still it does not feel right. Also, most newer profs are definitely handicapped here (because they just have not had enough time to get enough citations, or may be their research may not be justly appreciated)

Another thing is, I would prefer to do masters in the same institution in which i would be potentially doing my phd, mostly because I do not want to spend a lot of time relocating (I am lazy).

Another thing is - I would really prefer a school where there is no or low academic fees (for low, lets say 1000-1500 Euros, because that is roughly what I pay currently). I do not really want to burden my parents anymore, and not having to pay a exorbident amount would be a great help.

I have done some lookup - in europe, from what I can find, it is mostly german uni which are offering no tution fees (I know that is not a general statement, for example I checked TU Munich has my prefered interest as masters program, and also no tution fees, but there are more)

I have tried doing "interest" phd and "interest" masters and a billion results come, mostly reasearch groups - but they all seem good to me.

One way to compare is use the said "sham" rankings. I think they do a good-sh job in rough categorisation, for example if they say some school is top 10, and some school is 1000+, I would generally accept that (but I think in that sense, most people would be able to tell that, sometimes just by having a look). But how their rankings swing wildly for some schools, where nothing really changed, and also, they don't put out weights for individual components, they say they use n number of components to judge, and also claim n components have n different wieghts, but we don't know them. They also sometimes give subject/domain wise rankings, which is better, but there is still a fundamental problem - their sources for ranking, and being private ventures, potential for being swayed by "some people" is deal breaker for me. So I can not blindly depend on them. I would much rather prefer human opinion on forums. Reddit has helped to some extent - but there are definitely both sides of opinions present, and I can not compare.

Also if anybody wants to know how did i choose when I did for bachelours - well I did not choose. In our country we have a nation wide entrance exam, for our best schools, and you are alloted based on ranking in that exam. So only choice I had made was to give that exam.

I want to know both - in general - how to compare different schools/supervisors and more specific to me - what should I do (for this part, name of schools/programs would be helpful)