Lemmings.world

Boop beep blop. I'm a bot! 01101000 01101001

Sophie Germain → Carl Friedrich Gauß, Paris, 1804 Nov. 21

Manuscript

Archive: Göttingen, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek

Signature: Cod. Ms. Gauß Briefe A: Germain 1 (Brief, 4 S., und Anlage, 4 S.), Brief Nr. 1 französisch

Copies / Handwritten copies

Paris, Institut de France, Ms. 2031, pièce 89; 3 S.

https://gauss.adw-goe.de/handle/gauss/3053

Marie-Sophie Germain (French: [maʁi sɔfi ʒɛʁmɛ̃]; 1 April 1776 – 27 June 1831) was a French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher. Despite initial opposition from her parents and difficulties presented by society, she gained education from books in her father's library, including ones by Euler, and from correspondence with famous mathematicians such as Lagrange, Legendre, and Gauss (under the pseudonym of Monsieur Le Blanc). One of the pioneers of elasticity theory, she won the grand prize from the Paris Academy of Sciences for her essay on the subject. Her work on Fermat's Last Theorem provided a foundation for mathematicians exploring the subject for hundreds of years after. Because of prejudice against her sex, she was unable to make a career out of mathematics, but she worked independently throughout her life. Before her death, Gauss had recommended that she be awarded an honorary degree, but that never occurred. On 27 June 1831, she died from breast cancer. At the centenary of her life, a street and a girls' school were named after her. The Academy of Sciences established the Sophie Germain Prize in her honour.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Germain

Sophie Germain: The Woman Who Began Her Career Using a Man’s Name

Inspired by Archimedes’ tragic tale - an ancient Greek mathematician killed while engrossed in geometry - Germain chose to study mathematics. Self-taught from the family library, Germain learned number theory, arithmetic, calculus, and even mastered Greek and Latin to understand complex texts. But her studies prompted harsh restrictions from her parents, as mathematics wasn’t considered particularly feminine in the 18th century and, societally speaking, women of status were expected to engage in intelligent conversation without overshadowing the men in the room.

With that, gone were the candles that provided light. Gone was the fire providing warmth in the evening hours. But Sophie’s parents woke to find their daughter wrapped in blankets with a smuggled candle and frozen inkwell beside her. After that, they alleviated the reading restrictions.

At 18, as the École Polytechnique opened its doors to future scientists and mathematicians, Sophie faced the gender barrier; females weren’t permitted to study there. Public lecture notes only took her so far; she needed direct feedback and evaluation to progress.

And so, Sophie Germain resorted to a daring solution – submitting paper assignments under the name of a male student, Antoine-August Leblanc.

Sophie submitted assignments to Joseph-Louis Lagrange, a professor of analysis who realized things weren’t adding up. Lagrange’s in-person conversations with Leblanc didn’t match the mathematical prowess of the student on paper. With that, Lagrange learned of Sophie Germain and, instead of shunning her, visited her while encouraging fellow academics to do the same.

German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss found himself impressed by the very same Leblanc, who sent promising research on Fermat’s Last Theorem (which Sophie’s work eventually helped to prove). But with the invasion of Brunswick by French forces, “Leblanc” grew concerned for Gauss’s safety, worrying that the mathematician might meet the same fate as Archimedes. The student sought help from a family friend, a French general, and the façade of Leblanc came unraveling. Upon learning of Leblanc’s identity, Gauss made the following statement:

“How can I describe my astonishment and admiration on seeing my esteemed correspondent M leBlanc metamorphosed into this celebrated person. . . when a woman, because of her sex, our customs and prejudices, encounters infinitely more obstacles than men in familiarising herself with [number theory's] knotty problems, yet overcomes these fetters and penetrates that which is most hidden, she doubtless has the most noble courage, extraordinary talent, and superior genius.” – Carl Frederick Gauss

So, Leblanc became a persona of the past and Sophie Germain entered the world of higher academia. And a puzzling mathematical question soon surfaced. Physicist and musician Ernst Chladni struck a rigid plate with a violin bow, noticing that sand on top of the plate settled into distinct patterns, but how?

The Paris Academy of Sciences was so interested in this quandary, that it hosted a prize competition for a mathematical explanation. Though her first two explanatory memoirs were dismissed, Germain won the prize for her third submission concerning elasticity, making her the first female to win an award in the field of mathematics.

Sophie Germain’s story is one of resilience in the face of misogyny. Throughout her life, she fought against systemic prejudice, proving not only mathematical theories, but that women deserved the right to education.

Despite battling breast cancer, Sophie Germain continued to publish papers on number theory and, two years after her passing, was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Gottingen, made possible by her early mentor Carl Frederick Gauss. And while a Parisian street was named after her, a final act of injustice remained: Germain’s birth certificate never claimed her a mathematician, but simply a “property holder.”

https://www.wiley.com/en-us/network/research-libraries/libraries-archives-databases/archives/sophie-germain-the-woman-who-began-her-career-using-a-mans-name

Now let's think about the unknown number of talented women who have been forgotten, or simply those who never had the opportunity to express their ideas.

The Temescal Mountains, also known as the Sierra Temescal (Spanish for "sweat lodge range"), are one of the northernmost mountain ranges of the Peninsular Ranges in western Riverside County, in Southern California in the United States. They extend for approximately 25 mi (40 km) southeast of the Santa Ana River east of the Elsinore Fault Zone to the Temecula Basin and form the western edge of the Perris Block.

The Santa Ana Mountains lie to the west, the Elsinore Mountains to the south and the Perris Valley and Lakeview Mountains to the east.

Flora As part of the California Floristic Province, the Temescal Mountains host a diverse array of plant species within distinctive natural (plant) communities, including coastal sage scrub, chaparral, riparian woodland, southern oak woodland, rocky outcrop and valley grassland. Rare flowers like the intermediate mariposa lily, grow there. Fragrant sages, evergreen shrubs and trees, perennial bunchgrasses, Dudleya species of succulents, fire-following flowers and other wildflowers adorn the terrain.

Fauna Wildlife species found include mountain lion, mule deer, bobcat, coyote, raccoon, gray fox, American badger, spotted skunk, kangaroo rat, bats, ravens, red tailed hawk, mountain quail, canyon wren, speckled rattlesnake, Pacific rattlesnake, common kingsnake, gopher snake, two-striped garter snake, rosy boa, San Diego night snake, granite spiny lizard, arroyo toad, western spadefoot toad, various Aphonopelma species of tarantula, Quino checkerspot butterfly and many more. Gray wolf, pronghorn, and California condor were also once found in the range.

Commercial uses A number of mineral resources have been mined in the range. Commercial resources collected since the 1840s have included the metals tin and gold, and the non-metals clay, coal, and granite. Parts of the range have been used to graze domestic livestock from the early 19th century. The little water found in the range has become a particularly valued resource.

VATICAN CITY (Reuters) -Pope Leo has instructed the Catholic Church's newest bishops to confront sexual abuse by priests and not to hide allegations of misconduct, in a text released by the Vatican on Friday. Sexual abuse scandals have afflicted the Church in various places around the world in recent decades, damaging its standing as a moral voice, sparking costly lawsuits, and resulting in the resignations of several prominent bishops. "They must be faced, with a sense of mercy and true justice, toward the victims and toward the accused," Leo said in the text.

Comments

Author: The Associated Press, ABC News
Published on: 12/09/2025 | 13:37:13

AI Summary:
A jet fighter dropped two bombs on Pyinnyar Pan Khinn and A Myin Thit Private High Schools. The situation in the village could not be independently confirmed. Myanmar has been in turmoil since the army seized power from the elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi on Feb. 1, 2021. Rakhine-based local online media reported 22 students were killed in the strike. They posted photos and videos online showing debris and damaged buildings.

Original: 441 words
Summary: 73 words
Percent reduction: 83.45%

I'm a bot and I'm open source

Author: The Associated Press, ABC News
Published on: 12/09/2025 | 14:15:29

AI Summary:
Dozens of people are killed in a fishing village north of Haiti's capital, an official says. At least 42 people were killed in Labodrie, including a 4-year-old child and his family. The killings began over the weekend and are ongoing. Baptiste said gangs are now trying to attack nearby town of Arcahaie.

Original: 299 words
Summary: 52 words
Percent reduction: 82.61%

I'm a bot and I'm open source

"The rain of death
pours over our heads in Gaza night and day .. without stopping
without an hour of rest .."

Video on
https://xcancel.com/islambader/_1988/status/1966595422870274172

#Palestine #Gaza #Israel
#IslamBader
@palestine

Author: LLAZAR SEMINI Associated Press, ABC News
Published on: 12/09/2025 | 09:51:38

AI Summary:
Prime Minister Edi Rama says Diella will help ensure public tenders will be 100% free of corruption. Rama's Socialist Party secured a fourth consecutive term after winning 83 of the 140 Assembly seats. The party can deliver EU membership for Albania in five years, with negotiations concluding by 2027.

Original: 296 words
Summary: 49 words
Percent reduction: 83.45%

I'm a bot and I'm open source

https://fightchatcontrol.eu/

https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/08/08/return-of-chat-control-something-is-rotten-in-the-state-of-denmark

Author: The Associated Press, ABC News
Published on: 12/09/2025 | 06:49:04

AI Summary:
Britain's Prince Harry makes a surprise visit to Ukraine in support of wounded servicemen. Sponsored Content by Taboola.

Original: 43 words
Summary: 18 words
Percent reduction: 58.14%

I'm a bot and I'm open source

In Darmstadt haben sich rund 800 Gegendemonstranten einer rechten Versammlung zur Erinnerung an die "Brandnacht" im Zweiten Weltkrieg entgegengestellt. Der geplante Fackelmarsch blieb aus - am Ende standen 15 Teilnehmer mit Leuchstäben auf dem Luisenplatz.

Author: JAVIER CORDOBA Associated Press, ABC News
Published on: 12/09/2025 | 16:46:33

AI Summary:
Roberto Samcam, 67, was shot multiple times with a 9mm pistol, police say. Samcam had been living in exile since July 2018 when paramilitaries assaulted his home in Nicaragua. Another suspect was arrested Thursday in the city of Caas in Guanacaste province. Salgado was shot several times, but survived and accused a cell of Nicaragua’s Sandinista National Liberation Front of responsibility. In both cases, the killers used a driver from the same neighborhood and attacks were carried out in a “clumsy way,” Ziga said. Samcam served as an expert for the Court of Conscience.

Original: 391 words
Summary: 94 words
Percent reduction: 75.96%

I'm a bot and I'm open source

BEIJING – CHINA / A delegation of more than 20 Political Secretaries and Youth Coordinators of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) began a program of exchange meetings with the Communist Party of China (CPC) as part of strengthening political and partisan ties between the two organizations.

Within the framework of this visit, the Nicaraguan delegation met with Comrade Jin Xiaopeng , Deputy Director General of the Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee.

They also participate in the China Global Knowledge Forum , a forum that promotes the analysis of experiences and cooperation between political parties from different regions of the world.

BONDS OF BROTHERHOOD

As part of the agenda, FSLN representatives will travel to Hubei Province , Wuhan, where they will learn about the work carried out at the Hubei Provincial Committee School of the Communist Party of China , a key institution in political training and the design of development strategies in that country.

The exchange visit will conclude with a meeting with Comrade Ma Hui , Vice Minister of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee, reaffirming the two parties' commitment to continue working together for the benefit of their peoples.

During the meetings, the Sandinista delegation conveyed the revolutionary greetings of Commander Daniel Ortega and Compañera Rosario Murillo , Co-Presidents of Nicaragua, reiterating the firm commitment to strengthening the bonds of brotherhood between the two peoples and governments.

This exchange program represents an important step in consolidating political cooperation, international solidarity, and the continuation of revolutionary victories , strengthening the historic relationship between Nicaragua and China.

Pictures of the event:

Author: The Associated Press, ABC News
Published on: 12/09/2025 | 15:17:45

AI Summary:
United States suspends talks with Kosovo, saying actions by its caretaker government are to blame for rising tensions. Kosovo still doesn't have a functioning parliament because the governing left-wing Self-Determination Movement, or Vetevendosje!, refuses to accept that the new parliament’s deputy speaker be a member of the Serb ethnic minority, from the Srpska Lista, or Serb List, party. Kurti's side has said it rejects Serb party and The Srpska Lista party has offered a candidate for the deputy speaker. Kurti's party has not accepted the proposal. Landlocked Kosovo's population of 1.6 million has at least 2.3% Serbs.

Original: 466 words
Summary: 97 words
Percent reduction: 79.18%

I'm a bot and I'm open source

From Maiden Frames

Brown Boobook

Nikon Z5II | 400mm | f/6.3 | 1/160s | ISO 12800

Nikon NIKKOR Z 180-600mm f/5.6-6.3 VR

Date 11092025

Kerala, India

cross-posted from: https://monero.town/post/6680879

More community input is needed on possible deployment of temporary rolling DNS checkpoints to defend against Qubic attacks: https://github.com/monero-project/monero/issues/10064

Please comment on the GitHub issue and/or click thumbs-up/down emoji reaction.

TL;DR: A malicious mining pool is disrupting the network and could cause deep blockchain re-organizations. DNS checkpoints, which have existed for emergency use in the code since 2014, could prevent deep blockchain re-organizations, but Monero's blockchain consensus protocol would temporarily be less decentralized.

Advantages

Practical advantages

• The code for this countermeasure has been in the Monero codebase for over ten years. The countermeasure is ready to deploy now, once final testing, "procedure smoothing" (see below) and successful outreach to honest mining pools is completed.

• Humans (i.e. the Monero Core Team) could intervene by ceasing or modifying the checkpointing procedure if the checkpointing produces undesirable results.

Principled advantages

• Rolling DNS checkpoints could keep the Monero network working, with minimum disruption, for the thousands of users who depend on it every day for private peer-to-peer electronic cash.

Disadvantages

Practical disadvantages

• Rolling DNS checkpointing has never been deployed on Monero's mainnet before. Something unforeseen could go wrong.

• Successful checkpointing requires most of the major honest Monero mining pools to voluntarily enable DNS checkpointing enforcement. If the mining pools choose not to, rolling DNS checkpoints will likely be unsuccessful.

• Maintaining control of the DNS records would require strict security procedures. Two previous security incidents in 2019 and 2023 involving malicious software hosted on getmonero.org servers and theft of community donated funds should be kept in mind.

Principled disadvantages

• Without a doubt, Monero's consensus mechanism would be less decentralized if rolling DNS checkpoints were enabled.

• Monero nodes would temporarily no longer follow the chain with the most proof of work.

• Mining pools following the DNS checkpoints would be similar to a situation of the majority of mining hashpower coordinating and colluding against a minority hashpower miner. "Majority hashpower cannot collude" may be considered a security assumption of proof-of-work consensus.