I'm not the person you asked but there aren't credit scores where I live (Netherlands).

First of all when you take a loan it's officially registered with the Bureau of credit registration. Yes paying of a loan nicely will still help but not having any loans at all is usually better. If you already have a loan you can't loan as much money. So there's some kind of system but generally loaning as little ad possible is much better. There's no score though, just positive and negative registrations. Every loan above 250€ is registered. This includes stuff like a phone subscription with included phone.

Besides that if you want loan the lender will ask for income and expenses.

Also almost nobody ever uses credit cards. We all just use debit cards. So you can't spend what you don't have.