While you are correct that dividends would be paid, it just wouldn't happen on this scale or to this detriment, imo. Buybacks are used as a crutch to generate Short-term profit and lead to executives and companies focusing on short-term goals. They artificially increase EPS for executive compensation. This is all exacerbated when companies know they're going to be bailed out by taxpayers because there are only 2 companies that make planes now, or 3 media companies setting prices together.