I don't know what the official situation regarding data collection is in India but at the very least most websites will collect data of some kind. The best way to protect your privacy is using a VPN. Some are even free, but the only free one I would recommend is proton VPN ,otherwise Mullvad is very good and they let you pay for one month at a time. Also install uBlock Origin and ghostery in your browser. Firefox browser is better than chrome or edge. There are other things you can do, but this is fine for most people.
Unless they are also a certificate authority, they cannot read the encrypted content of you communications since today almost all sites use TLS encryption. They can see the names of the domains you go to and the number of packets. You can determine a lot from such meta data and it is valuable. They likely sell this information (hopefully anonymized ) to advertisers and data brokers.
Note this is true of all ISPs and may be more or less applicable in India.
You can avoid ISP spying to an extent by using a vpn.
They can see the names of the domains you go to
Doesnt DoH solve this?
Assuming you have it enabled and configured correctly, yes
I don't know at larger scale. But I'm with the event coordinators for a hackathon... And we're setting up our own endpoints with monitoring enabled. The people in charge of organizing said if we're serving internet to people we are legally required to see who is browsing what....
So I guess ISPs are definitely spying on your activities.
They monitor all your activity and will email your mom screenshots of your search history and inappropriate web pages.
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