Start by reading what DNS can do. Good luck!

Unless your home has a static ip, you will need a dyndns updater to keep your home ip synced to a domain. Start there.

With namecheap I can setup dynamic DNS on my router and it keeps my domains pointing directly to my home ip, at that point you can point directly to a server on your network with port forwarding or use a reverse proxy or whatever internally. I actually only point one domain at my house then CNAME everything to that domain, works great for me

Put it behind cloudflare and look in reverse proxies. By far the easiest to get started with is nginx reverse proxy. It has a nice UI. Next move up to traefik or other reverse proxy solutions.

Cloudflare is a good start, start a Google cloud trial as well and set up oauth2 for logging into your public cloudflare tunnels so you're not solely relying on the strength of your services' passwords. It's been working very well for my lab as of late.

Pm me, I just recently set up my homelab, would be happy to share configs to get it working with cloudflared tunnels! Also have some other resources