Start your application / program with “strace” and see all the files it opens.
Also run “lsof” on a running process to see what files it has open.
I doubt that's a linux problem. All apps store config in /etc, ~/.*rc or ~/.config
Everything else should be considered a bug (looking at you, systemd!)
If it's not in /etc it should be in the directory the exe file is located.
Certainly not. Nothing should write to /usr/bin except for the package manager in FHS distros and some distros binary directories aren't writable at all.
Well good because a program shouldn’t be writing to its config file either.
~/.config is the non-root version of /etc these days. But you just have to know that, which isn't ideal.
If you are a developer, please take a look at the XDG Base Directory Specification and try to follow it, users will be very grateful.
Short summary:
Look for $XDG_CONFIG_HOME for configs and $XDG_STATE_HOME for state. If they aren't available, use the defaults (./config and .local/share).
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