3DPrinting

Also tinkercad. It's basic but honestly it works for most stuff I make for things around the house.

Fusion 360 is free for non commercial use.

Try freecad as a flatpak maybe ? Doesn't crash for me unless I do something stupid with fillets. It's harder, tougher to use than paid options but you own what you make at the end.

I recently looked into (affordable) Linux-CAD programs and stumbled upon VariCAD, which, checking their presentation, appeared pretty complete. Saying that I would just make a decision after throwing a serious project, multiple parts, workgroups, parameters and technical drawing generation, on it. Maybe someone can comment on it?

I personally like OpenSCAD (with VSCode not with the built-in editor)

I liked TinkerCAD.

You can save files in fusion 360 locally. It's just not the main way the program encourages which sucks.

I think you have to like export instead pf save but you do get a .f3d file which is the same as what gets saved to the cloud.

Fusion is easiest to get going for 'serious' projects as a beginner.
I will use it while I can, or until an equal alternative is available. Nothing lasts forever.

FreeCAD: Pros: free, open source. Cons: workflow as rough as sandpaper, constantly crashes.

It has a learning curve (like all software), yes. But I cannot confirm the crashes.

I've been using freecad with great success for years now and I'd say while I agree freecad is rough in terms of ux, it is highly usable, especially after 1.0 version. I feel like investing time in overcoming its flaws and weaknesses will pay off in the future, as it will enable access to a stable, eternally free and reliable software. Though I also agree it crashes frequently, I set a very frequent auto save and I don't often get screwed now.

You missed OpenSCAD but that might've been intentional if you're looking for something with low barrier to entry and a purely "visual" workflow. It's the diametric opposite of Blender, basically. Surprisingly non-comprehensive with very limited options of primitives to work with, but laser-focused on building precise, constrained, parametric models out of said primitives. The downside is that you have to code it. Like, in actual code. For the artistically-minded designer, it's probably not the right tool. But for people with the appropriate mental model and skillset, it's an extremely effective tool, and infinitely extensible. If you need to do something particularly complex, chances are someone's already written the functions and libraries to do it, and if you need to know how to do it too, you can just look at their code. Assuming you can read it.

The actual coding language itself is a bit janky and for me, counterintuitive and unpleasant in some ways. It certainly wouldn't be my first choice, but it's workable, and the elegance of the overall idea makes up for it. It's worth the extra investment in learning, and I can't go back to wrestling with what I find are clunky visual workflows anymore. I crave the hard numerical precision of actually and accurately defining the shapes I'm working with.

Solidworks is probably the Cisco of cad software, and a license for casual home use is only 48/year

There's an entry missing in your list, which many people seem to not know about: Siemens Solid Edge

Like fusion, is free for personal/hobby use. But it's not "cloud based". Also unlike fusion, they aren't constantly scaling back what you can do with the free edition. Probably worth a shot.

My solution to the same issue was OpenSCAD. But it might not be for the faint of heart. For me, this is a godsend, working 100% in my mindspace.

I've been using progeCAD for the last few years and its basically a clone of AutoCAD for a fraction of the price and you own it unlike autodesk's model they've had since like 2017 or something.

I'm pretty happy with blender. There is also a plugin that makes it more like cad https://www.cadsketcher.com/

Blender has an add on project called cad sketches in development. It's free to use and is donation supported just like Blender is. I haven't used it myself but it wouldn't hurt looking into it.

https://www.cadsketcher.com/

Depending on your system I think, I have been using Sketchup 2017 (whatever the last free version was they released) for years to make 3D models for all kinds of purposes, incl 3D printing. For my brain it has proven to be the most intuitive tool to learn, it’s been a really long time so maybe I have forgotten but I feel like the barrier to entry was pretty small. There is a lot of content out there from people giving tips and tutorials. There are plug-ins still flooding around that have really good functionality. I use it with a Connexion 3D Space Navigator mouse that’s prob 10+ years old. That’s been a godsend and adds so much efficiency and flow to the tool.

I don’t know if you can still download it from Trimble but there are sources for it elsewhere.

Have fun, whatever you choose.

Blender has addons for parametric workflows. Actually, there's plugins to do anything you want.

Sadly, the CAD software I have the most experience with is SolidWorks. It has its quirks, but I like it and I know my way around.
Which is too bad, because it's completely absolutely fucking stupidly expensive for any home use.

Not to mention I've heard stories of people getting caugth through exported models' metadata and getting sued for publishing models made with pirated or student versions or whatnot.
I'm not even a business and whilr I have no moral qualms pirating software, I don't exactly wanna deal with an actively hostile company either.

I've switched to onshape for now, but I know enshittification will eventually butcher it too.
There's a few others I've tried that I either can't get good at, or that simply lack functionality.

I've been meaning to try Alibre CAD, but last I checked, their trial thing required back and forth with a rep and I just never bothered.

I don't even mind paying, yet not $5k yearly or some shit.
If you ever find something, ping me.