Instead of buying sheets of labels with numbers printed on for $12 you can get an actual label maker for like $15-$40 (or way more depending on how fancy you want to get)
Then you can label the wires with things like “living room cat5” instead of a cryptic “6” that you will forget the meaning of 3 years from now. If you spend a bit more (and maybe the cheap ones can do this, I dunno, I have a $40 one fwiw) you can get label refills that have heatshrink instead of labels. This is SO MUCH better because you can put it on the cable, shrink it, and it stays on forever. Unlike labels, which in my experience fall off when you pull them through walls (or just for no reason at all) 80% of the time. Downside is the heatshrink can’t go over big connectors so if it’s a cable you’re not terminating like hdmi it’s not as viable but for cat5/6 runs, coax, speaker wire, fiber, etc where you’re most likely terminating the cables yourself it’s the best. And even with big goofy hdmi cables you can still just get large heat shrink that has a good shrink ratio and write on it with a sharpie
Tone chaser def the best here. Harbor freight (if op is USA) has shitty ones for like $10 that do the job fine.
If you can’t get one a multimeter in continuity mode with some long wire works if you’re tracing in one area. If it’s a huge area or across multiple rooms you can put low voltage on pins and use the meter to check for voltage on the other end. Make sure it’s not plugged in though