I think Satisfactory hits a few of these targets, if you haven't already tried it. The amount of resources is determined by a map that is not procedurally generated, so there is a hard cap to your resources per minute, though the resources never run out. So end game focuses more on playing efficiently rather than brute expansion.
Factorio but I can't expand infinitely
This can be done with an island map. You can download an infinite resources mod so your patches never run out.
Maybe Techtonica? It just came out on Gamepass. It's like Satisfactory but in a cave and you can't just build anywhere... honestly, it's just another factory game though.
You play Dyson Sphere Program yet? It'll scratch a lot of itches. Riftbreaker was pretty fun as well. A little meh at the higher levels though.
Would Riftbreaker Prologue give a good idea of the gameplay of Riftbreaker?
Yeah, I believe so. Looks pretty much the same.
Check out SpaceChem, matches most of your bullet points. It's a level-based puzzle game like Opus Magnum though.
I second this, it's what OP is asking for. Word of warning though: this game is hard as hell. It reached a point where I'd spend 2 hours on a level, realize I messed up and can't salvage this, and gave up. I never got really far.
Shapez looks like it has the same problem as factorio, where expanding outwards is always possible and easier than micro-optimizations. That's not the kind of gameplay I'm looking for.
It's a mobile game, but Sandship kinda checks all those boxes.
Seems interesting shame there's no paid bon freemium version, though.
When I launch it on my phone, it's just a black screen.
Nova Lands
Nova Lands is exactly what I was looking for! Thank you so much!
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