Canada

This is going to be one of the biggest legacies of the current Republican administration's Project 2025 agenda. Not only the direct cuts to research, but also the massive cuts to educating the next generation of researchers. Also related: banning/limiting whole swathes of research pathways, like stem cells and mRNA (as high profile examples).

Totally agreed, though; primary research is critical for solving most (all?l of the major problems we are facing. Healthcare, of course, but we're on a knife edge of major Earth cycles breaking down, accelerating anthropogenic climate change. The collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is terrifying, as is runaway carbon escape from defrosting tundra. And the total spending on primary research trying to solve these existential crises is a budgetary rounding error.