Defrutum is not a jelly, it’s more like a syrup: grape juice reduced to a half of its volume, to concentrate flavours and as a preservation method. I’m almost sure that it was available for a wide range of people, not just wealthy ones.

I've seen it referred to by various terms and I'm not culinarily educated enough to tell the difference between any of the words. Syrup, jelly, must; it's all Greek to me! I'll fix it in my explanation though!

It was available to a wide range of people, but it was a frequent visitor primarily to the tables of the wealthy.

Lead itself isn’t sweet; lead acetate is. There’s a bit of acetic acid even in grape juice, and as you boil it in the lead container both things react together.

I'll correct that too.

Details and extra information like this are why I come to these topics.

Yep!

"Water conducted through earthen pipes is more wholesome than that through lead; indeed that conveyed in lead must be injurious, because from it white lead [PbCO3, lead carbonate] is obtained, and this is said to be injurious to the human system. Hence, if what is generated from it is pernicious, there can be no doubt that itself cannot be a wholesome body. This may be verified by observing the workers in lead, who are of a pallid colour; for in casting lead, the fumes from it fixing on the different members, and daily burning them, destroy the vigour of the blood; water should therefore on no account be conducted in leaden pipes if we are desirous that it should be wholesome."

• the Roman engineer Vitruvius, in De Architectura, written between 30 BCE-20 BCE

I would have gone with “IV Loco”

Luckily that is beginning to change. But it is crazy that it has taken so long to do.

There seems to be two octane ratings that now have an unleaded replacement. (I don't know how many there actually are in use.)

Problem is how they make that shit. These factories have been dumping pfas into the environment for decades. And many factory workers got sick or infertile. That shit will give you cancer if have a lot of it in your bloodstream.

Ceramic ones are a bit better but for the most part this is correct. There really isn't a clear reason not to cook with steel or iron, they tend to be the best options for 99.9% of applications. Only thing that I can think of is cooking eggs at a lower temp, but iron does that fine if the seasoning is really good.

My scanpan has been in use for at least 6 years unscratched

My uncle's parrot he had for a really long time died because he put up some kind of new shades for his living room that off gassed something deadly to birds.

He knew about not using Teflon but not about window shades, or uv resistant plastic products off gassing being hazardous. He was devastated. Some of the shit sold to us is genuinely toxic. It's really messed up when you think about it.

Just a FYI, teflon products produced after the removal of PFOAs in 2013 are safe to use.

EDIT: Perhaps PTFE is also bad

You should have thrown it away after the first chip. Anyone reading this, THROW AWAY your chipped Teflon!! Replace with cast iron

My family (parents etc) have mostly learned their lesson now after all the news coverage, but before that I used to resort to hiding my good non sticks whenever they were staying over. If my parents complained about the shitty old pans that were available, then I pulled out my very sticky nonstick ceramic pan that they had roughed up despite my protests. I'm never throwing that shitty ceramic pan away, it's way too effective as a rhetorical ploy now.

Friends I still mostly don't trust since I don't know their kitchen habits well enough, but they're less likely to try to help with cooking anyhow, only with dish washing and there it's easy to hide the wrong sponges.

If your chipped nonstick is teflon, then it's garbage now imo. I would never cook in it again, too risky imo.

And I now realize that I've become paranoid in my own kitchen.

Everyone makes fun of California's prop 65 warnings, but this is exactly the situation they exist for: knowing which colorful plate sets to avoid at Crate & Barrel.